a) 

Trên nửa đường tròn đơn vị, lấy điểm M sao cho \(\widehat {xOM} = \alpha \)

Gọi H, K lần lượt là các hình chiếu vuông góc của M trên Ox, Oy.

Ta có: tam giác vuông OHM vuông tại H và \(\alpha  = \widehat {xOM}\)

Do đó: \(\sin \alpha  = \frac{{MH}}{{OM}} = MH;\;\cos \alpha  = \frac{{OH}}{{OM}} = OH.\)

\( \Rightarrow {\cos ^2}\alpha  + {\sin ^2}\alpha  = O{H^2} + M{H^2} = O{M^2} = 1\)

b) Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\;\tan \alpha  = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }};\;\cot \alpha  = \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }}.\\ \Rightarrow \;\tan \alpha .\cot \alpha  = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }}.\frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }} = 1\end{array}\)

c) Với \(\alpha  \ne {90^o}\) ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\;\tan \alpha  = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }};\;\\ \Rightarrow \;1 + {\tan ^2}\alpha  = 1 + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha  + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{1}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}\;\end{array}\)

d) Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\cot \alpha  = \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }};\;\\ \Rightarrow \;1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha  = 1 + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha  + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{1}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}\;\end{array}\)

Tham khảo:

a) 

Gọi M(x;y) là điểm trên đường tròn đơn vị sao cho \(\widehat {xOM} = \alpha \). Gọi N, P tương ứng là hình chiếu vuông góc của M lên các trục Ox, Oy.

Ta có: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x = \cos \alpha \\y = \sin \alpha \end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{\cos ^2}\alpha  = {x^2}\\{\sin ^2}\alpha  = {y^2}\end{array} \right.\)(1)

Mà \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left| x \right| = ON\\\left| y \right| = OP = MN\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{x^2} = {\left| x \right|^2} = O{N^2}\\{y^2} = {\left| y \right|^2} = M{N^2}\end{array} \right.\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \({\sin ^2}\alpha  + {\cos ^2}\alpha  = O{N^2} + M{N^2} = O{M^2}\) (do \(\Delta OMN\) vuông tại N)

\( \Rightarrow {\sin ^2}\alpha  + {\cos ^2}\alpha  = 1\) (vì OM =1). (đpcm)

b) 

Ta có:  \(\tan \alpha  = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }}\;\;(\alpha  \ne {90^o})\)

\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\tan ^2}\alpha  = 1 + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha  + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}\)

Mà theo ý a) ta có \({\sin ^2}\alpha  + {\cos ^2}\alpha  = 1\) với mọi góc \(\alpha \)

\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\tan ^2}\alpha  = \frac{1}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}\) (đpcm)

c) 

Ta có:  \(\cot \alpha  = \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }}\;\;\;({0^o} < \alpha  < {180^o})\)

\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha  = 1 + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha  + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}\)

Mà theo ý a) ta có \({\sin ^2}\alpha  + {\cos ^2}\alpha  = 1\) với mọi góc \(\alpha \)

\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha  = \frac{1}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}\) (đpcm)

\(\frac{sin^2a-cos^2a+cos^4a}{cos^2a-sin^2a+sin^4a}=\frac{sin^2a-cos^2a\left(1-cos^2a\right)}{cos^2a-sin^2a\left(1-sin^2a\right)}=\frac{sin^2a-cos^2a.sin^2a}{cos^2a-sin^2a.cos^2a}\)

\(=\frac{sin^2a\left(1-cos^2a\right)}{cos^2a\left(1-sin^2a\right)}=\frac{sin^2a.sin^2a}{cos^2a.cos^2a}=tan^4a\)

\(sin^4a+cos^4a=\left(sin^2a+cos^2a\right)^2-sin^2a.cos^2a=1-2sin^2a.cos^2a\)

\(A=\frac{1-2sina.cosa}{sin^2a-cos^2a}=\frac{sin^2a+cos^2a-2sina.cosa}{\left(sina-cosa\right)\left(sina+cosa\right)}=\frac{\left(sina-cosa\right)^2}{\left(sina-cosa\right)\left(sina+cosa\right)}=\frac{sina-cosa}{sina+cosa}\)

b/ \(A=\frac{\frac{sina}{cosa}-\frac{cosa}{cosa}}{\frac{sina}{cosa}+\frac{cosa}{cosa}}=\frac{tana-1}{tana+1}=\frac{\frac{1}{3}-1}{\frac{1}{3}+1}=-\frac{1}{2}\)

\(P=\dfrac{2sin\alpha-3cos\alpha}{3sin\alpha+2cos\alpha}\\ =\dfrac{\dfrac{2sin\alpha}{cos\alpha}-\dfrac{3cos\alpha}{cos\alpha}}{\dfrac{3sin\alpha}{cos\alpha}+\dfrac{2cos\alpha}{cos\alpha}}\\ =\dfrac{2tan\alpha-3}{3tan\alpha+2}=\dfrac{2.3-3}{3.3+2}=\dfrac{3}{11}\)

Ta có: \(1 + {\tan ^2}\alpha  = \frac{1}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}\quad (\alpha  \ne {90^o})\)

\( \Rightarrow \frac{1}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = 1 + {3^2} = 10\)

\( \Leftrightarrow {\cos ^2}\alpha  = \frac{1}{{10}} \Leftrightarrow \cos \alpha  =  \pm \frac{{\sqrt {10} }}{{10}}\)

Vì \({0^o} < \alpha  < {180^o}\) nên \(\sin \alpha  > 0\).

Mà \(\tan \alpha  = 3 > 0 \Rightarrow \cos \alpha  > 0 \Rightarrow \cos \alpha  = \frac{{\sqrt {10} }}{{10}}\)

Lại có: \(\sin \alpha  = \cos \alpha .\tan \alpha  = \frac{{\sqrt {10} }}{{10}}.3 = \frac{{3\sqrt {10} }}{{10}}.\)

\( \Rightarrow P = \dfrac{{2.\frac{{3\sqrt {10} }}{{10}} - 3.\frac{{\sqrt {10} }}{{10}}}}{{3.\frac{{3\sqrt {10} }}{{10}} + 2.\frac{{\sqrt {10} }}{{10}}}} = \dfrac{{\frac{{\sqrt {10} }}{{10}}\left( {2.3 - 3} \right)}}{{\frac{{\sqrt {10} }}{{10}}\left( {3.3 + 2} \right)}} = \dfrac{3}{{11}}.\)

a) Ta có A=\dfrac{\tan \alpha+3 \dfrac{1}{\tan \alpha}}{\tan \alpha+\dfrac{1}{\tan \alpha}}=\dfrac{\tan ^{2} \alpha+3}{\tan ^{2} \alpha+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\cos ^{2} \alpha}+2}{\dfrac{1}{\cos ^{2} \alpha}}=1+2 \cos ^{2} \alphaA=tanα+tanα1​tanα+3tanα1​​=tan2α+1tan2α+3​=cos2α1​cos2α1​+2​=1+2cos2α Suy ra A=1+2 \cdot \dfrac{9}{16}=\dfrac{17}{8}A=1+2⋅169​=817​.

b) B=\dfrac{\dfrac{\sin \alpha}{\cos ^{3} \alpha}-\dfrac{\cos \alpha}{\cos ^{3} \alpha}}{\dfrac{\sin ^{3} \alpha}{\cos ^{3} \alpha}+\dfrac{3 \cos ^{3} \alpha}{\cos ^{3} \alpha}+\dfrac{2 \sin \alpha}{\cos ^{3} \alpha}}=\dfrac{\tan \alpha\left(\tan ^{2} \alpha+1\right)-\left(\tan ^{2} \alpha+1\right)}{\tan ^{3} \alpha+3+2 \tan \alpha\left(\tan ^{2} \alpha+1\right)}B=cos3αsin3α​+cos3α3cos3α​+cos3α2sinα​cos3αsinα​−cos3αcosα​​=tan3α+3+2tanα(tan2α+1)tanα(

a/ \(A=\frac{cot^2a-cos^2a}{cot^2a}-\frac{sina.cosa}{cota}\)

\(=\frac{\frac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}-cos^2a}{\frac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}}-\frac{sina.cosa}{\frac{cosa}{sina}}\)

\(=\left(1-sin^2a\right)-sin^2a=1\)

b/ \(B=\left(cosa-sina\right)^2+\left(cosa+sina\right)^2+cos^4a-sin^4a-2cos^2a\)

\(=cos^2a-2cosa.sina+sin^2a+cos^2a+2cosa.sina+sin^2a+\left(cos^2a+sin^2a\right)\left(cos^2a-sin^2a\right)-2cos^2a\)

\(=2+\left(cos^2a-sin^2a\right)-2cos^2a\)

\(=2-sin^2a-cos^2a=2-1=1\)

c/ \(C=sin^6x+cos^6x+3sin^2x.cos^2x\)

\(=\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)\left(sin^4x-sin^2x.cos^2x+cos^4x\right)+3sin^2x.cos^2x\)

\(=sin^4x-sin^2x.cos^2x+cos^4x+3sin^2x.cos^2x\)

\(=sin^4x+cos^4x+2sin^2x.cos^2x\)

\(=\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)^2=1\)